SA/SNZ TR IEC 63377:2024
Procedures for the assessment of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from radiative wireless power transfer systems - Measurement and computational methods (frequency range of 30 MHz to 300 GHz)
The objective of this document is to describe assessment methods to evaluate the conformance of radiative wireless power transfer (WPT) systems operating in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 GHz with electromagnetic guidelines on human exposure (electromagnetic field strength, specific absorption rate (SAR), and power density).
This document includes but is not limited to systems that focus the electromagnetic energy emitted by the transmitter to regions surrounding the receiver, for example, by narrow beam-forming systems, wide-beam systems and spatially closed systems. Implementations without transmitter, for example, applications that harvest energy from the environment, are not included in the scope of this document.
This document is identical with, and has been reproduced from, IEC TR 63377:2022, Procedures for the assessment of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from radiative wireless power transfer systems – Measurement and computational methods (frequency range of 30 MHz to 300 GHz).
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SA/SNZ TR IEC 63377:2024 Measurement and computational methods (frequency range of 30 MHz to 300 GHz)
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Physical quantities
4.2 Constants
4.3 Abbreviated terms
5 Description of radiative wireless power transfer systems
5.1 General
5.2 Radiative WPT systems technology and applications
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Operating principle of space diversity WPT
5.2.3 Operating principle of narrow-beam WPT
5.3 Use cases and environment
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Indoor, occupational environment
5.3.3 Indoor, general-public environment
5.3.4 Outdoor, occupational environment
5.3.5 Outdoor, general-public environment
6 General exposure assessment considerations
6.1 General
6.2 Preparation of assessment
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Determination of key parameters
6.2.3 Determination of applicable limits
6.2.4 Determination of assessment method
6.3 Assessment conditions
6.4 Uncertainty
Annex A (informative) Coupling factors and correction factors
Annex B (informative) Assessment procedure
Annex C (informative) Description and validation of exposure mitigation techniques
Annex D (informative) Computational methods
Annex E (informative) Examples of exposure assessment
Bibliography
Figure 1 — WPT system classification via radio-frequency beam technologies
Figure 2 — Beam pattern diagram of omnidirectional radiative WPT
Figure 3 — Beam pattern diagram of space diversity WPT
Figure 4 — Beam pattern diagram of narrow-beam radiative WPT
Figure 5 — Example of indoor and occupational environments: WPT to production equipment sensors in factory
Figure 6 — Example of indoor and occupational environments: WPT to machine and line management sensors
Figure 7 — WPT to children watching sensors
Figure 8 — WPT to watching sensors in nursing homes
Figure 9 — Assessment process for radiative WPT
Figure B.1 — Flowchart for the SAR assessment procedure between 30 MHz to 6 GHz
Figure B.2 — Description of PD assessment procedure between 6 GHz to 300 GHz
Figure E.1 — Anatomical model of the five-year-old girl exposed to the WPT transmitter E-field at a distance of 400 mm. The beam of the WPT system is focused at this distance.
Figure E.2 — E-field measurement setup of RFWPT system
Figure E.3 — E-field measurement scenario and positioning of WPT source (transmitter), client, and scan areas
Figure E.4 — E-field distribution measured at the distance 20 cm from RFWPT transmitter
Figure E.5 — E-field distribution measured in the far-field zone of WPT source: a) at the distance 2 m from RFWPT transmitter – in front of the client b) at the distance 2,75 m from RFWPT transmitter – behind the client
Figure E.6 — E-field measurement scenario with the cylindrical phantom
Figure E.7 — E-field measurement setup of RFWPT system with cylindrical phantom
Figure E.8 — E-field distribution for the case of partial obstruction by the phantom: a) 14 cm and b) 8 cm distance from phantom outer surface to transmitter-client line
Figure E.9 — E-field distribution measured in the horizontal plane within the distances 45 cm to 145 cm from transmitter antenna for the case of strong obstruction by the phantom. The position of cylindrical phantom with respect to scan area is shown.
Figure E.10 — E-field distribution measured at the distance 2,75 m from RFWPT transmitter when cylindrical phantom is placed behind the client (case 3 in Figure E.6). Field scan is performed between the client and phantom.
Table 1 — Representative characteristics of potential radiative WPT applications
Table 2 — Whole-body SAR exclusions based on RF power levels
Table 3 — Template of measurement uncertainty budget for assessment of the psSAR for frequencies from 30 MHz to 6 GHz
Table 4 — Template of measurement uncertainty budget for assessment of the incident power density for frequencies above 6 GHz
Table A.1 — Summary of correction factors accounting for tissue layering effects specified in IEC 62232:2017 [12] for psSAR and wbSAR
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SA/SNZ TR IEC 63377:2024 Measurement and computational methods (frequency range of 30 MHz to 300 GHz)
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Physical quantities
4.2 Constants
4.3 Abbreviated terms
5 Description of radiative wireless power transfer systems
5.1 General
5.2 Radiative WPT systems technology and applications
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Operating principle of space diversity WPT
5.2.3 Operating principle of narrow-beam WPT
5.3 Use cases and environment
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Indoor, occupational environment
5.3.3 Indoor, general-public environment
5.3.4 Outdoor, occupational environment
5.3.5 Outdoor, general-public environment
6 General exposure assessment considerations
6.1 General
6.2 Preparation of assessment
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Determination of key parameters
6.2.3 Determination of applicable limits
6.2.4 Determination of assessment method
6.3 Assessment conditions
6.4 Uncertainty
Annex A (informative) Coupling factors and correction factors
Annex B (informative) Assessment procedure
Annex C (informative) Description and validation of exposure mitigation techniques
Annex D (informative) Computational methods
Annex E (informative) Examples of exposure assessment
Bibliography
Figure 1 — WPT system classification via radio-frequency beam technologies
Figure 2 — Beam pattern diagram of omnidirectional radiative WPT
Figure 3 — Beam pattern diagram of space diversity WPT
Figure 4 — Beam pattern diagram of narrow-beam radiative WPT
Figure 5 — Example of indoor and occupational environments: WPT to production equipment sensors in factory
Figure 6 — Example of indoor and occupational environments: WPT to machine and line management sensors
Figure 7 — WPT to children watching sensors
Figure 8 — WPT to watching sensors in nursing homes
Figure 9 — Assessment process for radiative WPT
Figure B.1 — Flowchart for the SAR assessment procedure between 30 MHz to 6 GHz
Figure B.2 — Description of PD assessment procedure between 6 GHz to 300 GHz
Figure E.1 — Anatomical model of the five-year-old girl exposed to the WPT transmitter E-field at a distance of 400 mm. The beam of the WPT system is focused at this distance.
Figure E.2 — E-field measurement setup of RFWPT system
Figure E.3 — E-field measurement scenario and positioning of WPT source (transmitter), client, and scan areas
Figure E.4 — E-field distribution measured at the distance 20 cm from RFWPT transmitter
Figure E.5 — E-field distribution measured in the far-field zone of WPT source: a) at the distance 2 m from RFWPT transmitter – in front of the client b) at the distance 2,75 m from RFWPT transmitter – behind the client
Figure E.6 — E-field measurement scenario with the cylindrical phantom
Figure E.7 — E-field measurement setup of RFWPT system with cylindrical phantom
Figure E.8 — E-field distribution for the case of partial obstruction by the phantom: a) 14 cm and b) 8 cm distance from phantom outer surface to transmitter-client line
Figure E.9 — E-field distribution measured in the horizontal plane within the distances 45 cm to 145 cm from transmitter antenna for the case of strong obstruction by the phantom. The position of cylindrical phantom with respect to scan area is shown.
Figure E.10 — E-field distribution measured at the distance 2,75 m from RFWPT transmitter when cylindrical phantom is placed behind the client (case 3 in Figure E.6). Field scan is performed between the client and phantom.
Table 1 — Representative characteristics of potential radiative WPT applications
Table 2 — Whole-body SAR exclusions based on RF power levels
Table 3 — Template of measurement uncertainty budget for assessment of the psSAR for frequencies from 30 MHz to 6 GHz
Table 4 — Template of measurement uncertainty budget for assessment of the incident power density for frequencies above 6 GHz
Table A.1 — Summary of correction factors accounting for tissue layering effects specified in IEC 62232:2017 [12] for psSAR and wbSAR
SA/SNZ TR IEC 63377:2024
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